Towards a foundation for holistic power system validation and testing

Renewable energy sources and further electrificationof energy consumption are key enablers for decreasing green-house gas emissions, but also introduce increased complexitywithin the electric power system. The increased availability ofautomation, information and communication technology, andintelligent solutions for system operation have transformed thepower system into a smart grid. In order to support thedevelopment process of smart grid solutions on the system level,testing has to be done in a holistic manner, covering the multi-domain aspect of such complex systems. This paper introducesthe concept of holistic power system testing and discuss first stepstowards a corresponding methodology that is being developed inthe European ERIGrid research infrastructure project.Comment: 2016 IEEE 21st International Conference on Emerging Technologies and Factory Automation (ETFA

Chloro- and Alkyltitanium Complexes of a New Dianionic Ancillary Ligand: A Linked Amidinate-Amide

The lithium amidinate [Me3SiNC(Ph)N(CH2)3N(Me)SiMe3]Li(THF) (2), with a pendant methyl(trimethylsilyl)amine functionality, was prepared and found to react with [TiCl4(THF)2] to give the titanium amidinate−amide dichloride complex [η2,η1-Me3SiNC(Ph)N(CH2)3NMe]TiCl2 (3) by elimination of LiCl and Me3SiCl. The elimination of Me3SiCl from the cyclopentadienyl derivative Cp[η2-Me3SiNC(Ph)N(CH2)3N(SiMe3)Me]TiCl2 (5) to give Cp[η2,η1-Me3SiNC(Ph)N(CH2)3NMe]TiCl (4) is much less favorable, and was found to be readily reversible. Dialkyltitanium complexes [η2,η1-Me3SiNC(Ph)N(CH2)3NMe]Ti(CH2R)2 [R = Ph (6), SiMe3 (7)] were prepared, but could not be activated for catalytic ethene polymerization.

Ezetimibe added to statin therapy after acute coronary syndromes

BACKGROUND: Statin therapy reduces low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol levels and the risk of cardiovascular events, but whether the addition of ezetimibe, a nonstatin drug that reduces intestinal cholesterol absorption, can reduce the rate of cardiovascular events further is not known. METHODS: We conducted a double-blind, randomized trial involving 18,144 patients who had been hospitalized for an acute coronary syndrome within the preceding 10 days and had LDL cholesterol levels of 50 to 100 mg per deciliter (1.3 to 2.6 mmol per liter) if they were receiving lipid-lowering therapy or 50 to 125 mg per deciliter (1.3 to 3.2 mmol per liter) if they were not receiving lipid-lowering therapy. The combination of simvastatin (40 mg) and ezetimibe (10 mg) (simvastatin-ezetimibe) was compared with simvastatin (40 mg) and placebo (simvastatin monotherapy). The primary end point was a composite of cardiovascular death, nonfatal myocardial infarction, unstable angina requiring rehospitalization, coronary revascularization ( 6530 days after randomization), or nonfatal stroke. The median follow-up was 6 years. RESULTS: The median time-weighted average LDL cholesterol level during the study was 53.7 mg per deciliter (1.4 mmol per liter) in the simvastatin-ezetimibe group, as compared with 69.5 mg per deciliter (1.8 mmol per liter) in the simvastatin-monotherapy group (P<0.001). The Kaplan-Meier event rate for the primary end point at 7 years was 32.7% in the simvastatin-ezetimibe group, as compared with 34.7% in the simvastatin-monotherapy group (absolute risk difference, 2.0 percentage points; hazard ratio, 0.936; 95% confidence interval, 0.89 to 0.99; P = 0.016). Rates of pre-specified muscle, gallbladder, and hepatic adverse effects and cancer were similar in the two groups. CONCLUSIONS: When added to statin therapy, ezetimibe resulted in incremental lowering of LDL cholesterol levels and improved cardiovascular outcomes. Moreover, lowering LDL cholesterol to levels below previous targets provided additional benefit